What are ethics? Merriam-Webster offers these definitions: “the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation” and “a set of moral principles.” In the world of high finance, ethics has its own distinct definition that’s connected with the appropriate use of money, whether it’s one’s own money or someone else’s.
Corporate finance, according to Investopedia.com, refers to “how corporations deal with funding sources, capital structuring, and investment decisions.” Corporate finance focuses on “maximizing shareholder value through long and short-term financial planning and the implementation of various strategies. Corporate finance activities range from capital investment decisions to investment banking.” In short, corporate finance is about where an organization gets its money from and how it decides to use that money.
Public Demand for Ethical Investment Choices
One prominent example of how ethics ties in with corporate finance is the South Africa divestment movement. In the mid-1980s, when South Africa was still under the segregationist apartheid system, American university students targeted U.S. companies that did business in South Africa in an effort to bring the apartheid system down. Participants in this divestment campaign pressured their own universities to divest from those companies. The idea was to compromise the finances of South Africa enough so that it had no choice but to change. The effort worked.
By 1990, more than 200 U.S. companies had divested from South Africa, taking with them $1 billion worth of investment from that country’s economy. Clearly, those businesses had gotten the message from the student-led university divestment and chose to do business elsewhere. Even if their motive for doing so was financial, the companies’ actions constituted an ethical use of financial capital.
Today, there are published lists of companies that embody socially responsible investing, or SRI. These lists tend to automatically eliminate any businesses connected with weapons, tobacco, alcohol, adult businesses, nuclear power, and coal, to name a few. Companies that focus on sound environmental policies, social responsibility, and strong governance are more likely to make the list.
It’s not unusual for customers, investors, and even the general public to renounce and boycott companies that run afoul of these principles. Conversely, those that adhere to them can reap significant financial rewards. For this reason, anyone involved in corporate finance today must have a firm foundation in ethics.
Insider Trading
Insider trading is one of the most common ethical issues in finance. Insider trades involve the buying or selling of stocks and securities using information that has been shared but is not publicly known. An insider is often someone in a management function of a corporate entity or an individual with whom they share information for their own benefit.
Many laws against insider trading in the United States came about following the stock market crash of 1929, which marked the beginning of the Great Depression. A spate of business mergers in the 1980s sent a lot of money flowing through the stock market. This is when selling (versus sharing) insider information was outlawed.
Former investment banker Ivan Boesky was involved in one of the most notorious insider trading cases in U.S. history. During the 1980s, Boesky accumulated an estimated $200 million by trading on corporate takeovers and mergers using information that was not publicly known. In exchange for helping the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (see more below) incriminate other corporate insiders who were under investigation, Boesky received a short prison sentence, a fine of $100 million, and a lifetime ban from working in securities. His name became synonymous with corporate greed.
Many financial scandals with big names attached to them would follow, including Enron, Worldcom, Bernie Madoff, and Jordan Belfort, who wrote the best-selling memoir The Wolf of Wall Street. Ethics may always be an issue in the world of high finance, but efforts are being made to stem the flow of money under illegal or immoral circumstances by outwardly legitimate parties.
Ethics Codified in Corporate Finance
Today, many American corporations and financial markets have adopted ethical codes, typically established by agencies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), one of the top regulatory agencies for the securities industry. This agency implements federal laws and regulations that deal with the ethical conduct of businesses and individuals operating within the securities field. In addition, many companies have set up their own ethics offices to self-govern their financial conduct.
Online Master of Business Administration with a Concentration in Finance Degree
Our online Master of Business Administration with a concentration in Finance program helps you develop the marketable operational knowledge and leadership skills you need to advance in many rewarding corporate careers, including:
Under the guidance of the same distinguished faculty members who teach the program on The University of Texas Permian Basin’s campus—including successful business professionals—you’ll discover how to:
We offer our MBA Finance program through our College of Business, one of the select business schools in the nation (and the only one in the Permian Basin) to be accredited by the prestigious Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB International). This is a distinction that only 5% of schools granting business degrees worldwide have received.
Advantages of Our Online Programs
Our Master of Business Administration with a concentration in Finance degree, and many other programs that UT Permian Basin offers, is presented 100% online through asynchronous courses. This format enables you to complete your coursework anywhere, 24/7, on your own schedule. If you’re already working and/or have ongoing family responsibilities, you’ll find this flexibility to be a tremendous advantage. Our program also features accelerated time to completion (as little as 15 months), eight-week courses, and six start dates per year. When you’re finished, it provides a respected educational credential that can help you in your present and future professional endeavors.
Prepare for the world of finance with a strong foundation. An MBA with a concentration in Finance from UT Permian Basin is the place to start.
Sources:
https://www.encyclopedia.com/finance/finance-and-accounting-magazines/ethics-finance
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ivan-Boesky
Literacy education has changed over time as people have found new ways to teach reading and writing. These changes are shaped by advances in language, technology, and what we’ve learned about how students learn.
Today, literacy education plays an important role in helping students succeed in school and beyond. Many modern approaches focus on meeting students where they are, instead of expecting everyone to learn at the same pace.
In this article, we’ll examine:
What is literacy in education? Literacy is defined as “the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, compute, and communicate using visual, audible, and digital materials across disciplines and in any context.” Literacy has been applied to a diverse array of activities (e.g., computer literacy and dietary literacy). However, for the purposes of this article, we’ll be focusing on literacy in the context of reading and writing and literacy education, which by extension is the process of receiving instruction in how to read and write.
The origins of literacy can be traced back to southern Mesopotamia circa 3,000 BCE. Ancient Sumerians began writing on clay tablets and subsequently invented cuneiform script, the first known writing system. While this early writing was comprised of rudimentary symbols, it would be a precursor to full scripts and modern language.
For centuries, only a select few were taught to read and write. That changed with the invention of the printing press by Johannes Guttenberg in the 1450s. Books went from being hand-copied, rare commodities to common items. The invention of the printing press kicked the renaissance into high gear, and literacy suddenly became a gift for the masses, rather than a luxury for the wealthy elite.
Fast forward to colonial America, where literacy education was motivated by the belief that salvation required the ability to read the bible. Children were taught to read at an early age—sounding out syllables before learning the meaning of a word—but most weren’t taught to write until around the age of seven. In these early years, literacy education was taught by mechanical repetition and harsh discipline, without much emphasis given to a student’s capacity for understanding. It wasn’t until the 1970s that educators began to decipher how the mind receives, processes, stores, and retrieves information. Since that time, passionate debates have been continuously held regarding the most effective methods for teaching reading and writing.
What’s the best way to teach literacy to children? In 1997, the National Reading Panel was formed to answer that very question. The panel reviewed decades of research and found that the most effective approaches were well-planned, consistent, and clear and incorporated:
Today, we know that the ideal approach to teach and learn literacy depends on the student. Every student is an individual with unique strengths, weaknesses, interests, and ways of learning. Literacy educators have the challenge of making instruction relevant and meaningful to students who may be at different stages of development. Rather than trying to “fix” students, this student-centered approach tasks teachers with guiding students as they navigate the stages of literacy development.
The five stages of literacy development begin at six months of age and continue all the way into adulthood. Learning to read and write is a lifelong process, and barriers at any stage can be detrimental no matter where an individual is in their development.
The early stages of literacy development are crucial for children, as this is when the connections in their brain—the foundation for learning, behavior, and health—are most adaptable.
During the emergent pre-reader phase, which spans from six months to six years of age, a child is like a sponge, absorbing sounds, words, and images they encounter. While trying to teach a child to read before the age of four of five can be counterproductive to their development, they should already understand thousands of words by the end of this stage.
Between the ages of six and seven, a novice reader is beginning to learn the relationships between letters and sounds (phonics). During this brief yet important stage, children are figuring out the alphabetic principles that took our ancestors thousands of years to develop.
They are learning new words by sounding them out, building upon prior concepts to learn new concepts. Reading out loud is one of the most important things an educator can do to help novel readers bridge the gap between oral and written language.
Decoding readers are able to read simple, familiar stories with ease. Between the ages of seven and nine, children are able to not only understand words but also their components, including their letters, meanings, and grammatical functions. Moreover, they are able to understand how words with similar components and meanings relate to each other despite being pronounced differently, such as “sign” and “signature.”
Between the ages of nine and 15, a child becomes a fluent, comprehending reader, able to fluently comprehend what they read from any source. They are able to access knowledge at any time to help them interpret what their reading. While a child may be able to accurately pronounce words with ease by this stage, it doesn’t guarantee comprehension. The goal by this stage is for a child to be able to look beyond surface meaning and read between the lines. Guidance from teachers along with a genuine interest in reading can help fluent readers become expert readers.
Fiction, science, politics—no subject or viewpoint is beyond the comprehension of an expert reader. In the fifth stage of literacy development, reading comprehension finally surpasses listening comprehension, and expert readers are better able to understand complex concepts by reading.
After the age of 16, an expert reader continues their development, which depends largely on how and what they read. However, their journey is never complete, as learning to read and write is an endlessly rewarding, lifelong pursuit.
Explore Our Online MA in Literacy
Sources:
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=rHNK8j_RrkkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA224&dq=history+of+reading+instruction&ots=3SMVI30lpJ&sig=s3VSVUxvOyjuF4T2Sm0kykIWNig#v=onepage&q&f=false
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/statistical-life/201612/the-evolution-the-written-word
https://www.theliteracybug.com/stages
Can speaking multiple languages boost your salary? Make travel easier? Even help prevent dementia? The answer is yes. But multilingual societies also face real challenges, from schools struggling with resources to entire languages disappearing. Whether you’re considering learning a second language or wondering how multilingual communities work, this guide covers what you need to know….
Gamification in education uses game-like elements such as points, badges, challenges, and leaderboards to make learning more engaging and motivating for students. By bringing familiar features from games into the classroom, educators can encourage participation and support stronger student buy-in. From elementary school to college classrooms, you can use gamification in different ways depending on students’ needs and learning…
Robots in the classroom. Three-dimensional online education. 2025 is well underway, and the potential for big developments in education is on the horizon this year. Perhaps unsurprisingly, many of these educational trends are centered around technology-facilitated digital learning. Some may be familiar, while others may be new to you. All are expected to become more…
Often called the “highest court in the land,” the U.S. Supreme Court sits at the top of the American justice system. But despite its influence, the Court hears only a tiny fraction of the cases sent its way.
Each year, the Supreme Court receives around 10,000 petitions, yet it only agrees to hear about 70 to 80 cases. When the Court declines a case, the lower court’s ruling usually stands, making the Supreme Court the final word in many legal disputes.
So, what does the Supreme Court actually do, and why does it matter?
At its core, the Supreme Court’s role is to interpret the U.S. Constitution and ensure that federal and state laws align with it. Its decisions affect how laws are applied nationwide, shaping issues like voting rights, criminal sentencing, and the balance of power between state and federal governments.
In simple terms, the Supreme Court:
Because its rulings apply across the country, the Supreme Court plays a critical role in maintaining consistency within the justice system.
The Supreme Court sits at the top of a broader federal court system that includes two main levels below it: the U.S. District Courts and the U.S. Courts of Appeals.
District courts are trial-level courts where federal cases begin. There are 94 district courts across the country, where judges hear cases involving federal law, often with juries present.
Above the district courts are the U.S. Courts of Appeals, also known as circuit courts. These courts review district court decisions to determine whether the law was applied correctly.
Appellate courts don’t use juries. Rather, they employ panels of judges who evaluate legal arguments and issue rulings.
After a case moves through lower courts, a party may ask the Supreme Court to review it by filing a writ of certiorari. The Court is not required to accept these requests—and in fact, it accepts fewer than 1% of them.
The justices use the “rule of four” to decide which cases to hear. If at least four of the nine justices agree that a case is significant, the Court will review it.
Once the Supreme Court issues a decision, that ruling is typically final unless:
The Supreme Court’s responsibilities extend far beyond individual cases. Its rulings influence civil rights, federal authority, voting laws, business regulations, and many other aspects of daily life.
Because of this reach, understanding the role of the Supreme Court is essential for anyone interested in:
If you’re interested in how courts function—from trial courts to the Supreme Court—The University of Texas Permian Basin offers flexible online programs that explore the justice system in depth.
Programs include:
All programs are 100% online, allowing you to study on your schedule while gaining a strong foundation in law, courts, and public institutions.
Explore UT Permian Basin’s online programs to see how you can turn an interest in the justice system into a meaningful career.
Sources:
https://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/about-educational-outreach/activity-resources/supreme-1
https://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/court-role-and-structure
https://www.justice.gov/usao/justice-101/federal-courts
https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/constitutional.aspx
https://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/about-educational-outreach/activity-resources/about
If you’re working in the public or the nonprofit sector, you may be ready to move up in your career and become a leader in your field. If you aspire to work in one of those sectors, you may be looking for a way to boost your relevant qualifications. Either way, new credentials can lead to new opportunities. Some government agencies and organizations require a graduate-level degree for advancement. A degree such as a Master of…
Television shows, films, and other sources of popular culture have all helped perpetuate widely held notions about the U.S. criminal justice system. Some of these notions may be true, but many are either patently false or do not reflect the “whole truth.” Let’s shine some light on five of the most common misconceptions about criminal…
When people picture women who reshaped American politics, Ruth Bader Ginsburg often comes to mind first—and for good reason. RBG changed how the law sees gender equality from the inside of the Supreme Court. But here’s the thing: she wasn’t in Congress. Long before women were reliably winning elections—long before it was even legal for…
Crisis scenarios like these happen more often than you think: A customer gets sick or injured using your product or service. A company official makes an embarrassing public remark. A data breach exposes sensitive customer information.
These types of incidents can cast an entire organization in a negative light. When crises occur, it’s important that an organization respond quickly and appropriately, as failing to do so can lead to lasting financial and legal problems.
Response is where crisis communication comes in. In short, this means getting your side of the story out to the public, acknowledging mistakes were made, and providing specifics about what you’re going to do to correct them and prevent future occurrences.
You can learn how to respond to a variety of crises in The University of Texas Permian Basin’s online Bachelor of Arts in Communication program, which offers a dedicated crisis communication course. With the knowledge you’ll gain, you can help any organization avoid PR nightmares like those below.
A 24-hour news cycle and minute-by-minute social media updates have made the circulation of videos, pictures, and stories fast and unforgiving. Bad news generally gathers the most attention and spreads quickly.
Below are some examples of high-profile crises and how the parties involved handled them.
Aircraft manufacturer Boeing experienced a crisis when two of its 737 Max planes crashed under similar circumstances, killing hundreds of people. In both cases, the planes automatically went into nosedives, and the pilots were unable to retake control.
In response, Boeing’s CEO at the time, Dennis Muilenburg, stated that such problems could be avoided in the future through pilot training, seemingly implying that the pilots were at fault for the accidents.The true culprit turned out to be a faulty sensor, a problem which had already been reported to the FAA hundreds of times but went unaddressed.
After that came to light, all 737 Max planes were grounded and given technical upgrades. Boeing also renamed the aircraft the 737-8, since the public had come to associate the 737 Max with deadly accidents. Still, many airlines cancelled their orders with Boeing for the model. The company’s stock took a major hit as well, and CEO Muilenburg was ultimately fired.
In 2017, a passenger on a sold out United Express flight out of Chicago O’Hare International Airport was asked to deboard the plane. The reason? To accommodate airline employees who needed to reach Louisville—the flight’s destination—to work on another flight.
The passenger refused to give up his seat and was eventually dragged off the plane by law enforcement. He soon managed to reboard the plane, blood streaming down his face, before collapsing and being taken off on a stretcher. Many passengers filmed the incident on their cell phones.
United Airlines’ now-former CEO Oscar Munoz initially made light of the incident, stating that the airline had had to “re-accommodate” some passengers. That response angered the public, but Munoz insisted employees had acted appropriately and that the passenger had been “disruptive.”
Two days later, Munoz called the incident “horrific” and took responsibility for it. PR specialists at the time said he should’ve immediately issued an unconditional apology. Ironically, Munoz had been named U.S. Communicator of the Year by PRWeek just one month prior.
Not all public relations nightmares involve harm to actual people, fortunately. One prominent example involved the death of a beloved fictional character. In 2018, Jack Pearson, a character on the popular TV program This Is Us, died in a fire as the result of a malfunctioning Crock-Pot. Fans of the show were incensed and took to social media to announce they were going to throw out their Crock-Pots for their own safety.
To its credit, Rival, the manufacturer of Crock-Pots, also took to social media to state that they loved Jack and asked that the public not add to their “heartbreak” by no longer using the product, which had been tested for generations. Rival also reassured the public that such an incident had never occurred with their product and that its design made an occurrence “nearly impossible.” The company was widely praised for its response.
If you’re part of a communications team for a large organization, particularly a corporate entity, or you represent one as part of a PR firm, it’s important to be able to manage crises, especially when so much is at stake—the company’s reputation, financial standing, and long-term viability.
A crisis communication plan can help you prepare to handle any number of public challenges. Drafting a plan involves drawing up a comprehensive set of potential crises and determining how your organization will respond to them. You must be able to react quickly and appropriately in such circumstances. Often, as we saw in the United Airlines example, an organization’s initial reaction to a crisis can actually deepen its woes.
Crisis communication requires an organization to be able to answer many questions, all of which may be explored in a crisis communication course:
UT Permian Basin offers a 3-credit crisis communication course as an elective within our online Bachelor of Arts in Communication program. As our catalog indicates, COMM 3342 Crisis Communication “provides study and practice of communication strategies involved in preparing for and responding to crises. While a wide range of crises are considered, the course pays particular attention to corporate crises.”
We consider Crisis Communication to be an integral part of our online BA in communication program, which delves into a varied array of critical types of communication, helping you develop in-demand skills that are useful in many fields.
Today’s employers consistently name communication as one of the primary skills they seek in new hires. Our BA in communication program places an emphasis on written and spoken communication and provides a comprehensive foundation in this multifaceted field, from its ancient origins to present-day communication media.
Our program is 100% online with asynchronous class sessions, enabling you to complete your coursework anywhere on your own schedule. Courses are eight weeks long, and you can begin the program at any of six start dates per year.
Learn how to be a leader in times of corporate crisis with crisis communication training. Explore our online BA in communication program now.
Sources:
https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/30/politics/boeing-sensor-737-max-faa/index.htm
https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/24/business/boeing-dennis-muilenburg-mistakes/index.html
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/aug/20/boeing-737-max-plane-new-name-poland-enter-air
https://instituteforpr.org/crisis-management-and-communications
Nonverbal communication can make or break a relationship. A single glance can spark an argument, while a simple touch on the shoulder can mend wounded pride. And sometimes, the sting of words is easier to bear than the weight of crushing silence. There’s power in what goes unspoken. We’re here to look at the influence…
Where do you want a bachelor’s degree to take you? For many, an undergraduate degree is a stepping stone to professional life. Ideally, you want the expertise you’ve developed during your degree program to translate to professional opportunities in high-growth fields in which you can excel after graduation. In this regard, a degree in communication…
As someone who’s been talking to people since they were a toddler, communication may like a simple concept at first glance. But it’s worth a deeper look, especially if you’re thinking about studying it. First, understanding what communication really entails helps you see how important it is to our daily lives. Second, communication isn’t limited…
Long hours, late nights, and sore feet are challenges that have plagued nurses since the time of Florence Nightingale. However, the advent of the 21st century has brought with it a new set of challenges that nurses must learn to overcome if they are to rise through the ranks, and there’s no telling what challenges await nursing leaders in the years to come.
At The University of Texas Permian Basin, we’ve made it our goal to help nurses adapt to the shifting landscape of modern nursing. Every day may bring new patients, new challenges, and new opportunities, but there’s no reason nurses can’t be prepared for what tomorrow brings. As we look at the challenges of being a nurse in the 21st century, consider how earning a Bachelor of Science in Nursing and taking on a leadership role will better enable you and your fellow nurses to overcome these obstacles and so many more.
It would be impossible to discuss the challenges of being a nurse in the 21st century without discussing the COVID-19 pandemic. With full knowledge that they could become infected and spread the virus to others, nurses are putting their own mental and physical health on the line to help those affected by COVID-19. This selflessness is explored in a review paper on nurses’ experiences during respiratory pandemics, which found that a nurse’s duty to their patient outweighs their competing obligations to themselves and their families. What drives nurses to put the needs of patients above their own? It’s simply the right thing to do. However, for nurses to perform at their best, they need a system supporting them.
“You talk about how essential, how needed, how grateful you are, and yet you throw us to the wolves,” said Jean Ross, president of National Nurses United. Ross is referring to a lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) for frontline healthcare workers that sparked protests at the start of the pandemic. To this day, PPE shortages continue to be sporadic and reuse practices for single-use PPE are becoming commonplace. Over half of nurses feel unsafe reusing and decontaminating masks. Nurses across the nation continue to fight against the “new normal” and protest for the safety of not only themselves but also their patients.
One of the main challenges of being a nurse in the 21st century is the growing need to engage in decision-making related to health information technologies (HIT). Nursing informatics uses data, information, and knowledge to improve patient outcomes and improve healthcare services in all aspects of nursing, including clinical nursing. Electronic health records allow nurses and other healthcare professionals to access, monitor, and update patient information in real time on mobile devices. Moreover, HIT allows nurses to instantly communicate with their team and access evidence-based information. Directors, managers, chief nursing officers, and other nursing leaders who adopt HIT can make informed strategic and operational decisions, including those related to staffing and scheduling needs.
Research has shown, however, that nursing leaders often leave IT decisions to others due to a lack of nursing informatics competencies. “It is clear that nursing informatics and HIT knowledge should no longer be delegated to a specialist, but should be an expected core competency of professional practice,” noted researchers. We couldn’t agree more, which is why our online RN to BSN program includes Informatics and Innovation, a course that helps students integrate the knowledge of health information and data analysis to drive clinical decision-making and patient care outcomes.
Like any double-edged sword, technological advancements can result in unintended consequences. While 21st-century nurses may be well aware of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the need to keep protected health information (PHI) confidential, they may be unaware of just how easy it is to accidentally share PHI, especially over social media. Sharing information, photos, or videos related to a patient’s health is expressly prohibited by HIPAA. Something as seemingly innocuous as posting about a patient’s experience in a private Facebook group can and has resulted in nurses losing their jobs. While patient confidentiality has always been important in nursing, it has become a growing challenge when it comes to preparing nursing students for practice in the 21st century.
Employment in the nursing field is expected to grow by 7% from 2019 to 2029, but that doesn’t mean the competition for jobs is any less fierce. In years past, nurses needed little more than a nursing license to find and thrive in a rewarding role. “Now lots of areas, including mine, want those things as well as Advanced [Cardiac] Life Support (ACLS) and Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) cards, and a certification in some specific fields,” said Nancy Whitt, a gastrointestinal nurse in California. “You also have to pass a math, pharmacology, and nursing test.”
The bar has been raised, making UT Permian Basin’s online RN to BSN program more relevant than ever. Core courses, such as Healthcare Leadership and Policy and Leadership Immersion & Capstone, ensure that nursing professionals have the experience and skills needed to succeed in leadership roles. Our students can also pursue the optional Sigma Nurse Manager training and certification exam, which prepares students for leadership roles and makes them more marketable in their practicing institutions. If you’re interested in taking the exam and becoming a nurse manager, our online program can prepare you in as little as eight months.
The U.S. is an increasingly multicultural society, requiring nurses to grow both professionally and personally in order to connect with people of differing cultures, ethnicities, genders, religions, and sexual orientations. Appreciating these differing perspectives is necessary for building a rapport with patients, providing for their needs, and improving their outcomes. However, in order to overcome the challenges cultural differences present, it’s not enough to be an effective communicator. Nursing leaders must be able to foster an inclusive team environment where a patient’s unique perspective is always considered.
At UT Permian Basin, our goal is to provide professionals with every tool they’ll need throughout their careers as leaders in the nursing field. Social Determinants of Health, Population Public Health, and Healthcare Leadership and Policy are core courses in our online RN to BSN program designed to teach nurses how culture impacts individuals, families, communities, and populations. Apply to UT Permian Basin’s online program if you’re interested in taking on a leadership role that will help you overcome—and help your fellow nurses overcome—21st-century challenges like this one.
Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4825491/
https://health.ebsco.com/blog/article/five-way-healthcare-informatics-help-nurses
https://www.hipaajournal.com/what-happens-nurse-violates-hipaa/
https://minoritynurse.com/the-importance-of-diversity-in-nursing-breaking-down-stereotypes-and-inclusivity-barriers/